Chapter 7
An Update on the Diagnosis of Acute Calculus Cholecystitis: Review
- By Kumar Hari Rajah - 27 Dec 2025
- Applied Healthcare Science, Volume: 1, Pages: 61 - 66
Abstract/Preface
Acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) represents a common surgical emergency, characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, typically resulting from cystic duct obstruction by a gallstone. The diagnostic process involves a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, and imaging techniques. Leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), are frequently observed in this condition, with ultrasound being the most employed imaging modality for diagnosing acute calculous cholecystitis. The Tokyo Guidelines (TG) have provided a crucial, internationally recognized framework for standardizing the diagnosis and severity grading of ACC, with revisions in 2013 (TG13) and 2018 (TG18) aimed at enhancing specificity and accuracy. This review delineates the principal diagnostic methods for acute calculous cholecystitis, emphasizing the evolution of the Tokyo Guidelines criteria, the role of specific blood tests, and the utility of various imaging modalities.