Chapter 10
Conversion from laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy in Acute Calculus Cholecystitis: An Update
- By Kumar Hari Rajah - 04 Mar 2026
- Applied Healthcare Science, Volume: 1, Pages: 79 - 83
Abstract/Preface
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is widely regarded as the gold standard procedure for the treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis. However, conversion to an open cholecystectomy is occasionally necessary to avert bile duct injury. The risk factors associated with conversion include male gender, age over 65 years, obesity, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Acute cholecystitis also constitutes a significant risk factor, with patients classified under Tokyo Guidelines grade 3 exhibiting a heightened risk of conversion. Blood investigations, including elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and leukocytosis, are common indicators that can predict the likelihood of conversion to an open cholecystectomy.Additionally, ultrasonography may reveal gallbladder wall thickening and the presence of pericholecystic fluid collection. In this chapter, we will examine the risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy and its implications in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis.